Dietary Levels of Energy and Protein for Optimal Growth of Crossbred Anglo-Nubian Goats in Samoa

ABSTRACT Eighteen crossbred Anglo-Nubian does, 20-24 months of age; 20.9 ± 0.12 kg, BW were used to investigate dietary levels of energy and protein for growth in the tropical environment of Samoa. The goats were divided on the basis of weight, to three groups in a completely randomized design experiment and offered experimental diets at three protein and energy levels: 16.6, 13.4 and 12.4% CP and 11.3, 13.4 and 14.4 MJ GE/kg for eight weeks. The diets were designated as high protein low energy (HPLE), medium protein medium energy (MPME) and low protein high energy (LPHE). Voluntary dry matter (DM) intake (concentrate and forage) was 1217, 1158 and 1096 g/kg 0.75 /d/doe for the HPLE, MPME and LPHE diets, respectively. Voluntary intake of the concentrate portion and total DM intake decreased with increase in the levels of energy but not with levels of protein. ADG were 95, 130 and 89 g/doe/day for HPLE, MPME and LPHE diets, respectively. Organic matter (OM) digestibility by goats fed HPLE, MPME and LPHE diets were 67.8±0.04, 69.2±0.02 and 63.2±0.08%. Crude protein digestibility was significantly higher (P<0.05) with goats fed in HPLE and MPME diets, while digestibility of energy was higher (P<0.05) in LPHE and MPME, respectively. CF digestibility was significantly lower in the goats on HPLE diet. Daily CP and ME intakes of goats were 0.202, 0.161 and 0.132 (g protein N/kg 0.75 /d) and 6.2, 7.9 and 9.3 (KJ/kg 0.75 /day) for HPLE, MPME and LPHE diets, respectively. Based on data from this study the estimated protein and energy requirements for optimum growth of crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats is 13.4% CP and 13.4 MJ GE/kg BW

Dietary Levels of Energy and Protein for Optimal Growth of Crossbred Anglo-Nubian Goats in Samoa

Eighteen crossbred Anglo-Nubian does, 20-24 months of age; 20.9 ± 0.12 kg, BW were used to investigate dietary levels of energy and protein for growth in the tropical environment of Samoa. The goats were divided on the basis of weight, to three groups in a completely randomized design experiment and offered experimental diets at three protein and energy levels: 16.6, 13.4 and 12.4% CP and 11.3, 13.4 and 14.4 MJ GE/kg for eight weeks. The diets were designated as high protein low energy (HPLE), medium protein medium energy (MPME) and low protein high energy (LPHE). Voluntary dry matter (DM) intake (concentrate and forage) was 1217, 1158 and 1096 g/kg0.75/d/doe for the HPLE, MPME and LPHE diets, respectively. Voluntary intake of the concentrate portion and total DM intake decreased with increase in the levels of energy but not with levels of protein. ADG were 95, 130 and 89 g/doe/day for HPLE, MPME and LPHE diets, respectively. Organic matter (OM) digestibility by goats fed HPLE, MPME and LPHE diets were 67.8±0.04, 69.2±0.02 and 63.2±0.08%. Crude protein digestibility was significantly higher (P<0.05) with goats fed in HPLE and MPME diets, while digestibility of energy was higher (P<0.05) in LPHE and MPME, respectively. CF digestibility was significantly lower in the goats on HPLE diet. Daily CP and ME intakes of goats were 0.202, 0.161 and 0.132 (g protein N/kg0.75/d) and 6.2, 7.9 and 9.3 (KJ/kg0.75/day) for HPLE, MPME and LPHE diets, respectively. Based on data from this study the estimated protein and energy requirements for optimum growth of crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats is 13.4% CP and 13.4 MJ GE/kg BW

Priorities for Pig Research in Southeast Asia and the Pacific to 2010

Livestock Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Thematic role assignment in the L1 acquisition of Tagalog: use of word order and morphosyntactic markers

It is a common finding across languages that young children have problems in understanding patient-initial sentences. We used Tagalog, a verb-initial language with a reliable voice-marking system and highly frequent patient voice constructions, to test the predictions of several accounts that have been proposed to explain this difficulty: the frequency account, the Competition Model, and the incremental processing account. Study 1 presents an analysis of Tagalog child-directed speech which showed that the dominant argument order is agent-before-patient, and that morphosyntactic markers are highly valid cues to thematic role assignment. In Study 2, we used a combined self-paced listening and picture verification task to test how Tagalog-speaking adults and 5- and 7- year-old children process reversible transitive sentences. Results showed that adults performed well in all conditions, while children’s accuracy and listening times for the first noun phrase indicated more difficulty in interpreting patient-initial sentences in the agent voice compared to the patient voice. The patient voice advantage is partly explained by both the frequency account and incremental processing account